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Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are the most common extragonadal germ cell tumors, comprised different types of tissues that come from at least two of three germ cell layers. Depending on the tissues that are included, they are divided into mature, immature, and malignant. The incidence of SCT in infants and children is 1 in 35,000–40,000 live births. We are reporting a case of type I SCT. The patient was gravida 3, para 1, and abortion 1, which was diagnosed during antenatal ultrasound examination at 22 weeks of gestation and the termination was done after counseling the parents. A female fetus with a tumor in the sacrococcygeal region, weighing 800 g was delivered. The baby was sent to the department of anatomy. SCTs develop at the base of the coccyx and are thought to be derived from Henson’s node a rounded and elevated area at the cranial end of the primitive streak. This primitive streak consists of totipotent cells, which are able to transform into any type of cells.
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Background: Low birth weight is defined as birth weight below 2500 mg. WHO states prevalence of LBW is 26%. LBW babies are more prone for neonatal morbidity and mortality. 1) To assess various factors like maternal age, height, education, socioeconomic status on the birth weight of the baby. 2) To assess obstetric factors like parity, gestational age, antenatal care, anemia, hypertension on the birth weight of the newborn.Methods: A hospital bound cross sectional study done at the tertiary care centre. Study was done for a period of 2 months from 1st June to 30th July 2019 in Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital a rural medical college in Karnataka. Maternal data were collected and baby weight was recorded soon after birth on weighing scale.Results: There were 65 births during the study period. There were 13 babies weighing less than 2500 gm. Prevalence of LBW was 20%. 43.47% mothers were aged between 18 to 25 years and 7.14% were more than 25 years. 30.4% mother’s height was between 140 to 150 cm and 14.2% were more than 150 cm. Regarding maternal education, 15.3% degree, 24.1% PUC, 15% High school and 33.3% were primary school level. Regarding socioeconomic status 22.2% low, 25% lower middle, 18.7% middle class, 18.7% belonged to upper middle class. Regarding gestational age 50% were <37 weeks, 15.5% between 37-42 weeks, 10% were 42 weeks.73.8% women had normal BP, 21.5% were prehypertensive, 4.6% had PIH.Conclusions: Low birth weight is one of the important factors in infant morbidity and mortality. Maternal health was important factor in delivery of low birth babies. Maternal height, sex of baby, mode of delivery has no role in low birth weight babies.
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Background: Morphometrical evaluation of the larynx has always been interesting for both morphologists andthe physicians. Accurate anatomic knowledge of laryngeal cartilage is essential in diagnostic and therapeuticprocedures in the field of laryngology.Aim: To study morphometric features of thyroid cartilage in adult human cadavers and also to correlate themeasurements of the thyroid cartilage between male and female.Materials and Methods: Thyroid cartilages from 62 cases (Male: 31, Female: 31) of postmortem in the departmentof Forensic medicine, MMC and RI, Mysore were studied. A total of seven parameters were measured on eachthyroid cartilage and the observations were tabulated and compared between both sexes.Results: All parameters of Thyroid cartilage were more in males compared to females except thyroid angle whichwas more in females. The height of right thyroid lamina was equal to the height of left thyroid lamina in bothmales and females. Similarly the Antero- posterior distance of right thyroid lamina was equal to Antero -posterior distance of left thyroid lamina in both sexes.Conclusion: Considerable gender and race related differences in many of the geometric measurements of thethyroid cartilage were observed in the study. These morphological differences have important clinical andsurgical implications. They are critical to the accurate placement of needles and probes in laryngeal electromyography and vocal cord injection, medialization procedures, in performing supraglottic laryngectomy, aswell as precise planning of laryngeal framework surgery.
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Background: Cranial sutures and their evolution is interesting in the field of cranial growing and shaping. It is adentate suture extending from nasion to bregma. Metopic suture normally closes at 1 – 3 yrs, but is allowed upto 8 yrs. Incidence varies in different races from 1% - 12% .Aim: The present study was done to know the incidence of Metopic suture in south Indian skulls.Materials and Methods: 100 skulls from the Anatomy Dept museum at Shridevi Institute of Medical SciencesTumkur were collected for the present study. The skulls with persistent metopic suture were thoroughly observed.Results: Metopic suture was present in 38%. Complete suture was seen in 3% and incomplete in 35%.Among the3 complete sutures one was linear and continue with sagittal suture measuring 12.3 cm and 2 were H shapedmeasuring 11.0 cm and 12.1 cm. Incomplete sutures were classified depending on the shape U, V, Y and linear.Linear suture was seen in 26 skulls, U shape in 4 skulls, V shape 4 skulls, Y shape 1 skull.Conclusion: The presence of metopic suture is important from a clinical point of view. It must be included indifferential diagnosis of suspected skull fracture particularly frontal bone. It is not a pathological entity butmost certainly should be noted as an incidental finding on an X ray. The suture is best identified in A -P view ofskull
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Background: A foramen in the lamina of thyroid cartilage is an occasional opening existing in one or both thyroid laminae which may or may not contain a neurovascular component. Foramen was first described by Segond in 1847. Materials and methods: Larynx specimens were collected from Department of Forensic Medicine Mysore Medical College. 62 Larynx specimens were collected, 31 male and 31 female, and fixed in 10% formalin solution for 2- 3 weeks. Careful dissection was done to separate thyroid cartilage and following observations were made. Location of foramen, regarding the side of lamina and its relation to oblique line was noted. Size, shape and measurements were noted. Results: Foramina were observed in the laminae of 9 thyroid cartilages in females and 6 in male specimens. 1 male specimen showed bilateral foramina thyroideum. Among 16 Foramina Thyroideum (FT), 13 were on right lamina and 3 on left lamina. Shape of FT was round in 9 specimens and oval in 7 specimens. 10 FT were located in front of oblique line, 5 were behind and 1 was on the line. Size of FT range from 1mm - 5.67mm, close to upper boarder in 13 specimens and 3 were in the middle.1 specimen showed presence of superior laryngeal vessels in FT. Conclusions: Incidence of FT in the present study was 25.8%.To conclude presence of FT being a rare variation clinicians need to be aware of the possible contents such as external and internal laryngeal nerve communication and presence of superior laryngeal vessels before undertaking surgical procedures.
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Background: The knowledge of various morphological & developmental anomalies of thyroid gland will help the surgeons in better planning of safe & effective surgery. Considering these facts we studied the variations of thyroid gland. Methods: The material for the present study was collected from the department of forensic medicine, MMC & RI, Mysore, which includes 56 male and 33 female adult postmortem cadavers aged between 18 to 80 years. A dissection was carried out to expose thyroid glands & variations were observed in the morphology of thyroid gland. Results: 1) 9% of specimens had agenesis of isthmus. 2) 46% of specimens had pyramidal lobe. 3) 41% of specimens had levator glanduli thyroidae. 4) 2.24 % of specimens had accessory thyroid tissue. Conclusion: This study highlights the various morphological anomalies of the thyroid gland which forms cornerstone to safe & effective surgery.
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Objective: The present study was done to know and compare the incidence of congenital malformations in singleton and multiple births in our hospital & compare with other studies. Methods: A retrospective study done by collecting the data from parturition register from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011 (4yrs) from Cheluvamba Hospital attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute. Total number of the live births, still births, and abortions> 20 wks were collected. Details of multiple births such as maternal age, gestational age, sex & birth weight of the babies, U/S reports and congenital anomalies (CA) were noted. Results: The total number of singleton births were 48700 and number of babies who had congenital malformations were 235 (48.25/10,000 births).Total number of multiple births were 579 including 10 triplets and number of babies who had CA were 11 (189.98/10,000 births, P<0.0001). In the present study sex of the babies were noted in all multiple births and zygosity could not be recorded. Among 579 multiple births 404 were of the Same Sex (SS) and 165 were of Opposite Sex (OS) in twins and 6 were of the same sex and 4 were of opposite sex in triplets. According to Weinberg formula 50% of same sex (SS) twins are monozygotic and 50% are dizygotic twins. Among the 11 babies with CA, 4 monozygotic twins had anomalies related to twinning such as Acardia with TRAP sequence (3 twins), and Thoracophagus (1 twin).5 babies had CNS anomalies, 1 with cystic hygroma, 1 baby with multiple system affected. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects is more in multiple births and especially in monozygotic twins. In the present days increase in twinning rate due to advanced maternal age, hereditary factors and use of ovulation inducing drugs, which results in premature and low birth wt babies associated with poor lung maturity.